Why did the close formation of Greek hoplites strengthen the phalanx?

The close formation of Greek hoplites strengthened the phalanx by prioritizing collective mass and cohesion over individual combat. By standing shoulder to shoulder in deep, solid ranks, hoplites created a dense wall of armor and overlapping shields that provided mutual protection and presented a formidable, intimidating barrier to the enemy.12

This compact arrangement allowed the unit to function as a single, powerful entity capable of breaking through enemy lines through sheer weight and force. Because the formation relied on the entire line advancing in unison, it minimized the need for complex officer commands and shifted the focus from the brilliance of individual champions to the disciplined, unified movement of the group. While this structure made the phalanx difficult to maneuver, its strength lay in its ability to maintain a solid front that could overwhelm opponents who relied on less organized tactics.12