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Which substances can damage or discolor linoleum?

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floor covering Axminster carpet, late 18th or early 19th century.

While linoleum is a durable and resilient floor covering, it is susceptible to damage or discoloration from specific substances when left in prolonged contact:

Alkalies and Moisture: Exposure to certain alkalies and moisture can attack the material over time.12
Rubber Products: Staining and discoloration can occur due to contact with anti-oxidants found in rubber heels, rubber castors, or tires.2

Although linoleum is notably resistant to fats, oils, greases, and many organic solvents, it is important to avoid leaving these or other reactive substances on the surface for extended periods to maintain the integrity and appearance of the flooring.12