Which elements are combined in Alnico permanent magnets?

Alnico permanent magnets are a series of alloys primarily composed of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt.12

In addition to these primary constituents, the alloys typically include iron as a major component, along with smaller amounts of copper and titanium. The specific composition generally ranges from 6–12 percent aluminum, 14–30 percent nickel, and 5–35 percent cobalt, with the balance consisting largely of iron. Due to their hardness, these materials are typically cast into their final shapes and subjected to specialized heat and magnetic-field treatments to achieve their high-performance magnetic properties.132