Which European countries led the construction of new lighthouses after trade revived around 1100?

Following the revival of trade in Europe around 1100 CE, the lead in establishing new lighthouses was taken by Italy and France.1

During this period, notable developments included:

• Italy: The Lanterna of Genoa was likely established around 1139, and a lighthouse was built at Meloria in 1157, later replaced by a structure at Livorno in 1304.1
• France: The country saw the construction of significant beacons, including the famous lighthouse on the island of Cordouan in the Gironde estuary. Originally built in the 14th century, it was later reconstructed as an ambitious engineering project completed in 1611, becoming the first lighthouse built in the open sea.1

Additionally, the influence of the Hanseatic League later contributed to an increase in lighthouses along the German and Scandinavian coasts, with at least 15 lights established in those regions by 1600.1