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What percentage of secondary lead comes from discarded automobile batteries?

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Metallurgy — lead processing A zinc-lead blast furnace and lead-splash condenser. This technology is utilized mainly for producing zinc while managing both lead and zinc from raw materials, a technique that was highly influential in 20th-century smelting.

Approximately 85 percent of secondary lead is derived from discarded automobile batteries. This high rate of recovery is a result of stringent environmental regulations regarding the disposal of spent batteries, which have incentivized robust recycling efforts.1

Secondary lead, which is obtained from scrap, accounts for nearly half of the total global output of refined lead. The process of recycling these batteries involves separating the scrap, smelting the lead-containing fractions in furnaces, and refining the resulting lead bullion into commercial products. Once refined, the lead is often resold to battery manufacturers or used in the production of various lead alloys.1