What limitation did the General Problem Solver have because it could not learn?

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The General Problem Solver (GPS) was a significant early program designed to solve various puzzles through a trial-and-error approach. However, because it lacked the ability to learn, it suffered from a fundamental limitation: its intelligence was entirely secondhand.

This means that the program's capabilities were strictly confined to the information and strategies explicitly provided by the programmer. Without a learning mechanism, the GPS could not improve its performance or adapt to new challenges on its own, relying instead on the pre-programmed knowledge defined by its creators.1