What is the difference between cut-pile and loop-pile carpeting?

In the context of floor covering, the primary difference between cut-pile and loop-pile carpeting lies in the state of the yarn loops on the surface of the fabric.

• Loop-pile: The surface is composed of uncut loops of yarn that stand erect from the foundation of the carpet. In traditional weaving, such as with Brussels carpet, these loops are left intact after being formed over wires.12
• Cut-pile: The loops are severed, creating a surface of free yarn ends. This can be achieved during the weaving process—such as when wires used in Wilton carpet production are withdrawn with a cutting edge—or by using specialized machinery after the carpet leaves the loom.12

In modern manufacturing, such as tufted carpeting, needles push yarn through a prewoven backing. The pile remains as loops held by loopers, or it is severed to create cut pile as the carpet moves through the machine. Some carpets may also feature a combination of both cut and loop pile to create specific textures or patterns.31