What are the seven basic categories of machine tools?

In modern industry, machine tools are categorized into seven basic types based on their mechanical functions. These categories are:12

• Turning machines: These include lathes and boring mills, which are used to cut excess material from the external or internal diameter of a workpiece.13
• Shapers and planers: These machines use single-point tools to create flat surfaces; shapers move the tool over the material, while planers move the material against a stationary tool.12
• Drilling machines: Often referred to as drill presses, these use a twist drill to cut holes in metal and other materials.12
• Milling machines: These utilize rotating cutting surfaces to remove material as a sliding table pushes the workpiece against the cutter.12
• Grinding machines: Similar to milling machines, these use a spinning abrasive disk or belt to achieve high-precision surface finishes.12
• Power saws: These tools, which include band saws, use moving belts or chains lined with teeth to cut material.142
• Presses: These are used to squeeze or ram material against a die to stamp it into a specific shape.152