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Under which circumstances did Amazon agree it could remove e-books from U.S. Kindle devices after the 2009 settlement?

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Following the 2009 settlement regarding the remote deletion of George Orwell’s novels from Kindle devices, Amazon pledged that it would not remove e-books from U.S. customers' units in the future unless one of the following specific circumstances occurred:

  • The user agreed to the removal.
  • The user requested a refund or failed to complete the electronic payment for the content.
  • A court ordered the deletion of a book.
  • The removal was necessary to eliminate malicious software.1