How were cathode-ray tubes used to create television images?

In the context of vacuum technology, a cathode-ray tube (CRT) creates television images by utilizing a highly evacuated, funnel-shaped tube to direct beams of electrons onto a phosphor-coated screen.12

The process functions through several key components:

• Electron Generation: At the narrow end of the tube, an electron gun uses a heated cathode to emit electrons. These electrons are accelerated toward the screen by a positively charged anode and controlled by an electrode that varies the beam's intensity, thereby determining the brightness of the resulting spot.34
• Scanning: The electron beam is steered across the screen using a deflection yoke containing electromagnetic coils. By varying the current in these coils, the beam is precisely deflected to scan the screen in a pattern.5
• Image Formation: As the high-speed electrons strike the phosphor-coated screen, the material emits light. In monochrome tubes, this creates a white image, while in color tubes, three separate electron beams target specific red, blue, and green phosphor dots to render a full-color image.61