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How does the Cpf1 nuclease differ from Cas9 in CRISPR gene editing?

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A step-by-step diagram shows donor DNA and vector DNA cut with restriction enzymes to create overhangs, mixed and sealed with ligase to form recombinant DNA, which is introduced into bacterial cells. The recombinant DNA replicates as the cells divide, producing clones. — biotechnology Steps involved in the engineering of a recombinant DNA molecule.

In the field of biotechnology, the Cpf1 nuclease differs from the Cas9 enzyme in two primary ways regarding its function in CRISPR gene editing:

Guide RNA requirement: Unlike Cas9, which typically requires a more complex setup, Cpf1 requires only a single CRISPR guide RNA to achieve specificity.12
Cleavage pattern: Cas9 introduces blunt cuts in double-stranded DNA, whereas Cpf1 introduces staggered cuts.12

These distinct properties allow Cpf1 to offer researchers greater control over the modification of target DNA sequences in certain experimental circumstances. Both nucleases are essential tools in gene editing, a technology that enables precise alterations to the genetic makeup of living organisms to study or potentially treat human disease.12