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How does a wedge change a forward push into sideways forces?

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A diagram displays six types of simple machines with labeled illustrations: inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, wheel and axle, and pulley, each shown with real-world examples like ramps, axes, screws, seesaws, door handles, and pulleys lifting objects. — simple machine Six simple machines for transforming energy into work.

A wedge is a simple machine characterized by a shape that tapers to a thin edge, typically constructed from materials like metal or wood.12

Its function relies on the geometry of its tapered design: when a forward force is applied to the blunt end of the wedge, the sloping surfaces redirect that energy. As the wedge is driven into or between objects, this forward motion is converted into forces acting in a sideways direction, perpendicular to the direction of the push. This mechanism allows the wedge to perform tasks such as splitting logs and rocks, lifting heavy objects, or tightening components by exerting pressure outward against the surfaces it contacts.213