How does a walking-beam pump lift oil to the surface?

A walking-beam pump, often referred to as a pumping jack, is a common form of artificial lift used when reservoir pressure is insufficient to push crude oil to the surface.1

The mechanism operates through the following components and actions:

• Surface Motion: A motor powers a walking beam on the surface, which moves in a rhythmic, seesaw-like motion.1
• Connection: A string of solid metal sucker rods connects this walking beam to a pump located at the bottom of the production tubing.12
• Lifting Process: As the walking beam rises and falls, it drives the sucker rod string, which in turn operates the piston of the downhole pump. This reciprocating action mechanically lifts the oil through the tubing to the surface.1

This system is essential for maintaining production as natural reservoir pressure declines over time.1