How does a shaper machine a flat metal surface?

A shaper machines a flat metal surface using a single-point cutting tool mounted on a reciprocating ram. The process functions as follows:12

• Cutting Action: The workpiece is secured in a vise or on a table. The ram moves the cutting tool in a straight, reciprocating path, performing the cutting operation only on the forward stroke.123
• Feeding Mechanism: At the end of each return stroke, the table holding the workpiece automatically feeds in small, discrete increments at a right angle to the tool's path.12
• Surface Generation: This combination of the tool's reciprocating motion and the workpiece's incremental feed generates a flat surface. While the resulting surface may initially appear scalloped, the machine is designed to produce essentially flat planes, as well as grooves, shoulders, and angular surfaces.12

The length and speed of the ram's stroke can be adjusted to accommodate different workpiece sizes, with larger shapers typically handling parts up to 36 inches long.12