How does Prolog use logical relations to answer a query?

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PROLOG (Programmation en Logique) functions as a logic programming language that determines whether a specific statement follows logically from a set of established facts and rules.1

To answer a query, the language utilizes a powerful theorem-proving technique known as resolution. By applying this method, the program evaluates the provided query against its internal database of logical relations. For instance, if the system is given the premises "All logicians are rational" and "Robinson is a logician," it uses these relations to deduce the truth of the query "Robinson is rational?" and responds in the affirmative. This capability allows PROLOG to perform automated reasoning, making it a foundational tool for artificial intelligence research and the development of fifth-generation languages.1