How does Morse code use dots, dashes, and spaces as tokens?

In the context of information processing, Morse Code functions as a system for representing alphabet characters, numerals, and punctuation by encoding them into discrete tokens: dots, dashes, and spaces.12

These tokens serve as the fundamental building blocks of the communication code:

• Dots and Dashes: These act as the primary signal units. In International Morse Code, letters are formed by specific combinations of dots and short dashes of constant length. For example, the letter "S" is represented by three dots, while "O" is represented by three dashes.12
• Spaces: These function as delimiters within the data stream. They are essential for separating individual signals, letters, and words, allowing the receiver to parse the sequence of dots and dashes into meaningful information.123

These signals are transmitted as electrical pulses, mechanical movements, or visual signals like flashing lights, effectively converting human language into a binary-like stream of varied-length pulses.12