How do square-loop ferrites represent the two states of binary logic?

Square-loop ferrites function as fundamental storage elements in digital systems by utilizing their magnetic properties to represent binary logic. These materials are characterized by a "fat," or rectangular, hysteresis loop, which allows them to maintain a stable state of magnetization even after the external electric current used to magnetize them is removed.12

Because these ferrites can be magnetized in either of two distinct directions, they are effectively used to store binary information. In this system:13

• State 0: The ferrite is magnetized in one specific direction.3
• State 1: The ferrite is magnetized in the opposite direction.3

This ability to hold a stable magnetic orientation—known as remanence—enables a tiny ferrite ring to act as a bit, serving as the basis for magnetic-core memory in early digital computers.13