How do leaks in pipes create economic water scarcity?

Leaks in pipes contribute to economic water scarcity by creating a phenomenon known as "non-revenue water." This occurs when treated, potable water is lost during distribution and never reaches its intended consumers, effectively wasting the resources and energy invested in its treatment and transport.1

In systems suffering from poor management or aging infrastructure, these leaks prevent available water from meeting human and environmental needs, even when sufficient physical water resources exist. For example, in cities like Mexico City, significant portions of the municipal supply are lost to leaks caused by seismic activity, land subsidence, and infrastructure decay. This mismanagement forces residents—often in marginalized communities—to face shortages and rely on alternative, less reliable water sources, such as delivery by truck.1

Ultimately, failing to maintain a robust water supply system represents a fundamental failure in resource management, as it restricts access to clean water despite the presence of adequate supply. Addressing these inefficiencies is essential for ensuring equitable access and promoting sustainable development.12