How do keyboards and mice serve as computer input devices?

Keyboards and mice serve as essential human-machine interfaces, translating physical motor activity into digital commands that a computer can process.1

Keyboards

Keyboards function through mechanical or electromechanical switches. When a user presses a key, it alters the flow of current through the device. An embedded microprocessor interprets these electrical changes and transmits a corresponding signal to the computer. Beyond standard alphanumeric input, keyboards include function and control keys that allow users to issue specific commands or modify input.2

Mice

The mouse is a pointing device used to control a cursor within a graphical user interface. Its operation depends on the underlying technology:
* Mechanical mice use a ball to turn internal shafts connected to encoders, which measure movement components.2
* Optical mice utilize a light beam and camera lens to track motion.32

By moving the device, clicking buttons, or dragging items, users communicate their intentions to the system, allowing for intuitive interaction with virtual objects on the display.314