How do intake and exhaust ports simplify the design of a two-stroke diesel engine?

In a two-stroke diesel engine, the use of intake and exhaust ports simplifies the engine's design by eliminating the need for complex valve mechanisms, such as poppet valves, in the cylinder head.12

In traditional four-stroke engines, intake and exhaust valves are required to manage the flow of air and gases. By contrast, in many two-stroke designs, scavenging and the intake of air are managed through ports located in the cylinder liner. When exhaust is also handled through ports in the cylinder wall rather than through valves in the cylinder head, the overall construction of the engine is significantly simplified. This port-based design reduces the number of moving parts, such as cams and valve-actuating mechanisms, which are otherwise necessary to open and close valves at precise intervals.13