How do cleaning and fumigation help control pests in grain storage?

Cleaning and fumigation are essential practices in maintaining the integrity of stored grain by mitigating the risks posed by insects, mites, and fungi.12

Cleaning

Cleaning processes are primarily used to remove external molds and fungi from grain before it enters storage. Furthermore, "good housekeeping"—which includes the regular cleaning and disinfecting of storage facilities, sacks, and bags—is a critical component of insect control. By removing debris and potential breeding grounds, these practices help prevent the establishment of primary and secondary pests, such as grain weevils and various flour beetles.1

Fumigation

Fumigation involves the use of volatile, poisonous substances that act as gases or vapors to eliminate pests. This method is highly effective for treating grain stored in sealed or gasproof containers, where the chemical can be held in contact with the product to ensure deep penetration. Fumigants are used to kill insects, nematodes, and other organisms that damage stored foods. Because these substances are toxic to humans and warm-blooded animals, they must be applied exclusively by trained professionals using appropriate safety equipment.32