How do artificial canals differ from natural rivers and canalized rivers?

Waterways are categorized into three distinct types, each presenting unique engineering requirements.1

Natural and Canalized Rivers

• Natural Rivers: Navigation is often hindered by seasonal drought, floods, and shifting channels. Engineering efforts focus on stabilizing banks and beds to maintain a consistent course within the natural valley. These channels generally require only light protection against erosion and no protection against seepage.12
• Canalized Rivers: These utilize locks to create a series of steps, managing the natural gradient of the valley. They often incorporate weirs and sluices to manage surplus water and may include hydroelectric power infrastructure.1

Artificial Canals

Unlike rivers, artificial canals are not bound by natural valleys; they can be routed through hills and watersheds. Key differences include:1
* Construction: They require artificial channels that often necessitate significant protection against erosion and seepage.1
* Design: They are typically designed with a specific trapezoidal cross-section to accommodate vessel displacement.2
* Water Management: Because they do not follow natural watercourses, they require storage reservoirs or pumping systems to maintain water levels for lockage and to offset evaporation.1