How do LCDs compare with cathode-ray tubes in voltage requirements?
In nematic arrangements the crystals are randomly positioned with all their long axes pointing in essentially the same direction, given by a vector known as the director. In smectic arrangements the crystals are further constrained to parallel planes; in smectic A the director is perpendicular to these planes, while in smectic C the director is at some other angle to the planes.
Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) require extremely high voltages to accelerate their electron beams, in addition to significant currents for beam deflection.1
In contrast, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) operate by using an electric field to reorient liquid crystal molecules. Because the electro-optical fluid within an LCD acts as an electrical insulator, very little electric current flows through the assembly. Consequently, LCDs consume very little power, making them highly efficient and well-suited for battery-powered applications compared to the high-voltage demands of traditional CRTs.12