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How did computers make customized small-batch manufacturing possible?
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Computers revolutionized manufacturing by enabling custom-made, small-batch production, a shift from the traditional industrial focus on mass-producing identical parts. This transition was driven by several key technological advancements:1
- CAD/CAM Integration: Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) allow manufacturers to adapt machinery to specific products through programming. This flexibility enables small batches to achieve economies of scale previously reserved for mass production.1
- Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS): An FMS links multiple machine tools via a central computer and material-handling system. This allows the system to switch between different components or processes without interruption, as the master computer selects and activates specific part-producing programs stored in memory.23
- Computer Numerical Control (CNC): CNC allows for the precise control of machine tools through direct data input from computer programs. This technology enables machines to perform complex, varied tasks with high accuracy.41
- Operational Efficiency: Computers reduce costly lead times when switching between production models and optimize inventory management, allowing for a continuous flow of materials without the need for excessive storage.1