How did ancient Egyptians use adhesives in woodworking?

Ancient Egyptians utilized adhesives in woodworking as early as 3000 BCE. These early bonding agents were typically gelatin-like substances derived from animal tissues, such as hides and bones, or from fish, milk solids (casein), or vegetable sources.1

In the field of cabinetmaking, these adhesives were essential for advanced construction techniques. Woodworkers mastered the use of thin veneers, which were glued together to create durable items such as coffin cases. This mastery extended to intricate decorative work, including inlay and marquetry, where small pieces of materials like ivory and ebony were secured to wooden surfaces. By employing these early glues, Egyptian artisans were able to produce furniture that was both elegant and structurally sound.23