How did Roman metal lamps differ in shape from earlier lamps?

In contrast to earlier designs, Roman metal lamps evolved toward greater complexity in their physical form. While earlier lamps often mimicked natural prototypes—such as shells or simple saucer shapes—Roman metal lamps frequently adopted intricate animal or vegetable motifs.1

Additionally, the Roman period saw the introduction of very large, specialized lamps designed for use in public spaces like circuses, which appeared during the 1st century ce. These developments built upon earlier Hellenistic precedents, often utilizing elaborate candelabra to support the lamps, which were crafted with significant decorative richness, including fluted shafts and bases featuring animal feet or acanthus scrolls.12