How can computerized manufacturing produce different versions of a product on the same assembly line?

Computerized manufacturing enables the production of different product versions on a single assembly line primarily through the use of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and advanced computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) technologies.12

Unlike traditional fixed assembly lines designed for high-volume, identical products, an FMS utilizes a central computer to coordinate machine tools and material-handling systems. This setup allows for the following capabilities:13

• Program Selection: Each machine control unit stores multiple part-producing programs in its computer memory. A master computer uses direct numerical control to select and activate the specific program required for each individual workpiece as it moves through the system.4
• Dynamic Coordination: The system monitors the production flow, ensuring that the correct components and tooling are applied to each specific unit. This allows manufacturers to fabricate products with varying options—such as different features on an automobile—on the same line.5
• Flexibility: Because the machinery can be adapted through software rather than physical reconfiguration, manufacturers can switch between different product styles or batches without significant interruption.45

This integration of CAD/CAM allows for "niche" production, where the efficiency of mass production is applied to customized, small-batch items.5