How are low-lift high-lift booster and well pumps used in a water distribution system?

In a water distribution system, various pumps are utilized to manage the movement, treatment, and pressure of water:

• Low-lift pumps: These are used to lift surface water and transport it to a nearby treatment plant. They are designed to move large volumes of water at relatively low discharge pressures.1
• High-lift pumps: Once water is treated, these pumps discharge it into arterial mains. They operate under higher pressures than low-lift pumps.1
• Booster pumps: These are employed to increase the pressure within the distribution system or to raise water into an elevated storage tank. In areas with flat topography, they are often used in conjunction with ground-level storage tanks to ensure adequate pressure.12
• Well pumps: These pumps lift water directly from underground sources and discharge it into the distribution system.1

Most pumps in these systems are of the centrifugal type, which uses a rotating impeller to increase pressure, or the positive-displacement type, which delivers a fixed quantity of water per cycle.1