How are hooked rugs made?

Hooked rugs are created by forming a surface pile on a foundation of coarse material, such as burlap or linen, which is held taut by a frame.1

The construction process typically involves one of two methods:

• Pulling: A tool similar to a buttonhook is used to pull narrow strips of wool or cotton cloth, or wool yarn, up through the foundation to create loops.1
• Pushing: A large threaded needle is used to push the loops through the base material.1

These loops are generally about 1/2 inch high and range in width from two to four mesh openings of the foundation fabric. Once formed, the loops are often clipped to create the finished surface.1