How are fuel cells used in hospitals and office buildings?

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Diagram of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell showing labeled layers, including flow field plates, electrodes, and the proton exchange membrane, with arrows indicating hydrogen and oxygen inputs, electricity generation, and water and heat as outputs. — fuel cell Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell
The proton exchange membrane is one of the most advanced fuel cell designs. Hydrogen gas under pressure is forced through a catalyst, typically made of platinum, on the anode (negative) side of the fuel cell. At this catalyst, electrons are stripped from the hydrogen atoms and carried by an external electric circuit to the cathode (positive) side. The positively charged hydrogen ions (protons) then pass through the proton exchange membrane to the catalyst on the cathode side, where they react with oxygen and the electrons from the electric circuit to form water vapour (H₂O) and heat. The electric circuit is used to do work, such as power a motor.

Fuel cells are utilized in hospitals and office buildings as stationary power systems that provide both primary and backup electricity.1

Because these devices convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, they offer a highly efficient and reliable source of power. Unlike batteries, which have a limited capacity, fuel cells can supply power continuously as long as they are provided with a steady source of fuel and an oxidant. In stationary applications, these systems help ensure a consistent energy supply for critical infrastructure, such as the medical equipment and lighting systems found in hospitals and office environments.21