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Why can pitching wins be a misleading way to judge a pitcher’s effectiveness?

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In the context of sabermetrics, pitching wins are considered a misleading metric because they fail to provide an accurate approximation of a player's individual efficacy.1

Traditional statistics like pitching wins are often criticized by sabermetricians because they depend heavily on factors outside of a pitcher's direct control, such as run support from their teammates and the performance of the bullpen. Because these external variables influence the outcome of a game, a win-loss record does not reliably isolate or measure a pitcher's specific contribution to the team's success. Sabermetrics seeks to replace such traditional measures with objective, data-driven analysis to better quantify a player's true performance.1