Monaco, sovereign principality located along the Mediterranean Sea in the midst of the resort area of the Côte d’Azur (French Riviera). The city of Nice, France, lies 9 miles (15 km) to the west, the Italian border 5 miles (8 km) to the east. Monaco’s tiny territory occupies a set of densely

Rainier III, prince de Monaco was the 31st hereditary ruler of the principality of Monaco (1949–2005). He was the son of Prince Pierre, count de Polignac, and Princess Charlotte de Monaco, daughter of Louis II, prince de Monaco. Rainier became a Grimaldi (i.e., received his mother’s family name) in

monad, (from Greek monas “unit”), an elementary individual substance that reflects the order of the world and from which material properties are derived. The term was first used by the Pythagoreans as the name of the beginning number of a series, from which all following numbers derived. Giordano

Monadhliath Mountains, mountain range in the Highland council area, Scotland, between Loch Ness in the northwest and the River Spey in the southeast. The range has several summits with elevations greater than 3,000 feet (900 metres), the highest being Carn Mairg at 3,087 feet (941 metres), the

formal logic: Alternative systems of modal logic: …symbols of PC a primitive monadic operator L and to the formation rules of PC the rule that if α is a wff, so is Lα. L is intended to be interpreted as “It is necessary that,” so that Lp will be true if and only if p is a…

formal logic: The predicate calculus: …is said to be a monadic, or one-place, predicate (variable). Predicates with two or more arguments stand not for properties of single individuals but for relations between individuals. Thus the proposition “Tom is a son of John” is analyzable into two names of individuals (“Tom” and “John”) and a dyadic…

formal logic: Special systems of LPC: …system is known as the monadic LPC; it provides a logic of properties but not of relations. One important characteristic of this system is that it is decidable. (The introduction of even a single dyadic predicate variable, however, would make the system undecidable, and, in fact, even the system that…

monadnock, isolated hill of bedrock standing conspicuously above the general level of the surrounding area. Monadnocks are left as erosional remnants because of their more resistant rock composition; commonly they consist of quartzite or less jointed massive volcanic rocks. In contrast to

7 Iconic Buildings in Chicago: Monadnock Building: Aqua Tower, Chicago Named after Mount Monadnock in New Hampshire, the monumental Monadnock Building prompted awe almost immediately after its construction. Built for Boston developer Peter Brooks by Burnham & Root, at 16 stories it was considered a skyscraper. It stands on a narrow half block,…

Mount Monadnock, solitary mass of rock (3,165 feet [965 metres]) in Monadnock State Park, southeast of Keene, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S. It is a classic example of, and gave its name to, the geologic feature called a monadnock. Mount Monadnock was celebrated by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the long

Mount Monadnock, solitary mass of rock (3,165 feet [965 metres]) in Monadnock State Park, southeast of Keene, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S. It is a classic example of, and gave its name to, the geologic feature called a monadnock. Mount Monadnock was celebrated by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the long

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: The Hanoverian period of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz: …in 1714 he wrote the Monadologia, which synthesized the philosophy of the Théodicée. In August 1714, the death of Queen Anne brought George Louis to the English throne under the name of George I. Returning to Hanover, where he was virtually placed under house arrest, Leibniz set to work once…

Janelle Monáe is an American singer and actor best known for the albums The ArchAndroid (2010), The Electric Lady (2013), and Dirty Computer (2018) as well as for roles in the 2016 films Moonlight and Hidden Figures. Monáe was born Janelle Monáe Robinson to a large extended family of devout

Monagas, estado (state), northeastern Venezuela. It is bounded on the northeast by the Gulf of Paria, on the southeast by the Orinoco River, and on the north and west by the states of Sucre and Anzoátegui. It is named for José Tadeo Monagas, a native of the region who served (1847–51, 1855–58) as

Venezuela: The Monagas and the civil wars: …Monagas and his brother, General José Gregorio Monagas, who alternated as president during the period. The Liberal Party passed laws that abolished slavery, extended suffrage, outlawed capital punishment, and limited interest rates, but the laws were not implemented. Integrity in government waned, heavy deficit financing ruined the nation’s

José Antonio Páez: José Tadeo Monagas; he was imprisoned and forced into exile in 1850. He returned to Venezuela during another period of civil unrest in the late 1850s, and in 1861–63 he ruled as a severely repressive dictator, only to be forced again into exile. Páez spent…

Monaghan, one of the three counties of Ireland forming part of the historic province of Ulster that now projects northward into Northern Ireland. Most of the county’s northern boundary winds through cultivated lowlands except on Slieve Beagh, a desolate upland rising to 1,221 feet (372 metres). For

The White Lotus: Season three: Thailand: …the resort: Jaclyn Lemon (Michelle Monaghan), Kate Bohr (Leslie Bibb), and Laurie Duffy (Carrie Coon). Jaclyn is a popular actress, Kate a mom in Texas, and Laurie a divorced New York lawyer. The three childhood pals are outwardly loving and complimentary toward one another when they’re all together. However,…

monal, any of several Asian pheasant species. See

Christina: …execution of her equerry, Marchese Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi, alleging that he had betrayed her plans to the Holy See. Her refusal to give reasons for this action, beyond insisting on her royal authority, shocked the French court, nor did the pope welcome her return to Rome.

Isle of Man, one of the British Isles, located in the Irish Sea off the northwest coast of England. The island lies roughly equidistant between England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The Isle of Man is not part of the United Kingdom but rather is a crown possession (since 1828) that is

warship: Ships: HMS Monarch, 8,300 tons, mounting four 12-inch (30-cm) guns in two turrets, and commissioned in 1869, was perhaps the first true seagoing turret warship. HMS Devastation, 9,330 tons, four 12-inch (30-cm) guns in two turrets, and massively armoured, was completed four years later without sail and…

monarch, head of state of a monarchy, a state in which sovereignty resides in an individual ruler. Monarchs often achieve their status through heredity, such that rulership passes from parent to child or to another close relative in a royal family. Though a monarch is head of state, they are not

monarch, any of nearly 100 bird species constituting the family Monarchidae. The term monarch is usually reserved for members of the Australian and Asian genera Monarcha and Hypothymis; the members of the approximately 16 other Asian and African genera of monarchids are called flycatchers, with

monarch butterfly, (Danaus plexippus), familiar member of the milkweed butterfly group (subfamily Danainae, order Lepidoptera) known for its large size, its orange and black wings, and its long annual migrations. Monarchs are concentrated in North America, Central America, and South America but can

Mexico: Plant and animal life: That state’s Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. However, smog from the Mexico City metropolitan area and extensive logging activities threaten the butterflies and their roosting trees.

monarch, any of nearly 100 bird species constituting the family Monarchidae. The term monarch is usually reserved for members of the Australian and Asian genera Monarcha and Hypothymis; the members of the approximately 16 other Asian and African genera of monarchids are called flycatchers, with

The Monarch of the Glen, painting created in 1851 by English artist Sir Edwin Landseer. It went on to become the most widely recognized of his paintings. Landseer was the greatest animal painter of his age. He was one of Queen Victoria’s favorite artists and shared with her a fascination with and

Monumenta Germaniae Historica: …Monumenta Germaniae Historica was the Monarchia romani imperii, a collection of documents on German medieval history compiled by Melchior Goldast (d. 1635). The initiator of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica was Karl Freiherr vom Stein (d. 1831), leading early 19th-century German statesman and reformer, who, after retiring from politics in 1816,…

Monarchianism, in Christianity, a Christological position that opposed the doctrine of an independent, personal subsistence of the Logos and affirmed the sole deity of God the Father. Thus, it represented the extreme monotheistic view. Though it regarded Jesus Christ as Redeemer, it clung to the

monarch, any of nearly 100 bird species constituting the family Monarchidae. The term monarch is usually reserved for members of the Australian and Asian genera Monarcha and Hypothymis; the members of the approximately 16 other Asian and African genera of monarchids are called flycatchers, with

monarch, any of nearly 100 bird species constituting the family Monarchidae. The term monarch is usually reserved for members of the Australian and Asian genera Monarcha and Hypothymis; the members of the approximately 16 other Asian and African genera of monarchids are called flycatchers, with

monarchomach, (from Greek monarchos + -machos, “one who fights against the monarch”), any member of a group of 16th-century French Calvinist theorists who criticized absolute monarchy and religious persecution while defending various related doctrines of ancient constitutionalism, social contract,

Kentucky Derby: Records: …surpass the two-minute mark was Monarchos, who won the 2001 Derby in a computer-timed 1:59.97.

monarchy, political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his or her position through heredity. Most monarchies

Monarda, genus of 12 North American plants variously known as bergamot, horsemint, and bee balm, belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), order Lamiales. The flowers are red, rose, lavender, yellow, or white; tubular; two-lipped; and in clusters surrounded by leaflike bracts. M. fistulosa, growing

bergamot: Lemon bergamot, or lemon bee balm (M. citriodora), and wild bergamot (M. fistulosa) are also used as flavourings and in teas.

Monarda: The more sharply scented Oswego tea (M. didyma), shorter and with scarlet flowers, is native in eastern North America but is widely cultivated elsewhere.

Monarda: M. fistulosa, growing to 1.5 m (5 feet) tall, has a minty aroma. The more sharply scented Oswego tea (M. didyma), shorter and with scarlet flowers, is native in eastern North America but is widely cultivated elsewhere.

herbal: Nicolás Monardes’ Dos libros (1569), for example, contains the first published illustration of tobacco. A latinized version of an Aztec herbal (1552) contains formalized illustrations resembling European ones, suggesting that the artists were following the traditions of their Spanish masters rather than an indigenous style of…

protomonad: Protomonads, such as the solitary Monas or the colonial Anthophysis, are oval and amoeboid with one to three flagella; they inhabit foul water and feces and also may be found in human and animal intestines. The choanoflagellates, which sometimes are placed in a separate order, have a food-catching collar surrounding…

nunbird, any of certain puffbird species. See

Peter Singer: …appointed professor of philosophy at Monash University (1977); he became director of Monash’s Centre for Human Bioethics in 1983 and codirector of its Institute for Ethics and Public Policy in 1992. In 1999 he was appointed Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics in the University Center for Human Values at…

Sir John Monash was a civil engineer and soldier, best known for his role as commander of the Australian army corps in France during World War I. Monash attended Scotch College and Melbourne University, obtaining degrees in the arts, civil engineering, and law. Active in the prewar militia, he

Monashee Mountains, southwesternmost range of the Columbia Mountain system, in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, extending for 200 miles (320 km) north from the Washington (U.S.) boundary between the Interior Plateau (west) and the Selkirk Trench (east), in which flows the Columbia River.

Monasterboice, ruins of an ancient monastic settlement founded by Buitre (died 521) 5 miles (8 km) north of Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland. The relics, dating from the 5th to the 12th century, comprise two churches, a round tower (one of the highest in Ireland), three sculptured crosses, two

monastery, local community or residence of a religious order, particularly an order of monks. See abbey;

monasticism, an institutionalized religious practice or movement whose members attempt to live by a rule that requires works that go beyond those of either the laity or the ordinary spiritual leaders of their religions. Commonly celibate and universally ascetic, the monastic individual separates

Sir William Dugdale: …the help of Roger Dodsworth, Monasticon Anglicanum, 3 vol. (1655–73), a collection of records relating to medieval English religious houses. Among his other important works are the Antiquities of Warwickshire (1656), which became a model for large-scale county histories, and The Baronage of England (1675–76). He was knighted in 1667.

Monastir, city in eastern Tunisia. It lies at the tip of a small peninsula protruding into the Mediterranean Sea between the Gulf of Hammamet and the Bay of Al-Munastīr. The ruins of Ruspinum, a Phoenician and Roman settlement, are 3 miles (5 km) to the west of the city. Monastir is now a port and,

Bitola, southernmost city of North Macedonia. It lies on the Dragor River at an elevation of 2,019 feet (615 metres) at the western edge of the Bitola Plain, a few miles from the Greek frontier. Near the Greek-founded settlement Heraclea Lyncestis, later a Roman city, it was invaded by Slavic

dye: Phthalocyanine compounds: …its copper complex marketed as Monastral Fast Blue B and Monastral Fast Blue G, respectively.

dye: Phthalocyanine compounds: …Monastral Fast Blue B and Monastral Fast Blue G, respectively.

monatomic gas, gas composed of particles (molecules) that consist of single atoms, such as helium or sodium vapour, and in this way different from diatomic, triatomic, or, in general, polyatomic gases. The thermodynamic behaviour of a monatomic gas in the ordinary temperature range is extremely

Häufebecher: …dozen, they were known as Monatsbecher (“month beaker”)—one beaker for each month of the year. They were used almost exclusively in German-speaking countries—many being produced in Nürnberg—and were fashionable between the early 16th century and the middle of the 17th century.

sound recording: The phonograph disc: A monaural phonograph record makes use of a spiral 90° V-shaped groove impressed into a plastic disc. As the record revolves at 33 1 3 rotations per minute, a tiny “needle,” or stylus, simultaneously moves along the groove and vibrates back and forth parallel to the…

monazite, phosphate mineral, cerium and lanthanum phosphate, (Ce, La)PO4, that is the major commercial source of cerium. Occurring as small, brown, resinous, rather heavy crystals in granitic and gneissic rocks and their detritus (called monazite sands), monazite frequently contains 10–12 percent

James Burnett, Lord Monboddo was a Scottish jurist and pioneer anthropologist who explored the origins of language and society and anticipated principles of Darwinian evolution. Monboddo’s main work, Of the Origin and Progress of Language (6 vol., 1773–92), contains a vast body of curious lore on

Mangbetu, peoples of Central Africa living to the south of the Zande in northeastern Congo (Kinshasa). They speak a Central Sudanic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. The Mangbetu are a cluster of peoples who penetrated and now occupy the formerly Pygmy territory and who, in turn,

Nicaragua: Foreign intervention: Liberal leaders Juan Bautista Sacasa, José María Moncada, and Augusto César Sandino rose in rebellion, but after six months Sacasa and Moncada made peace, and subsequent elections under U.S. auspices brought the presidency to both of them (Moncada, 1928–33, and Sacasa, 1933–36). Sandino, however, fought on as long as the…

Moncalieri, hilltop town, Piemonte (Piedmont) region, northwestern Italy; it is a southern suburb of Turin city. The 15th-century castle, built by Princess Yolanda of Savoy, was a favourite residence of the king of Sardinia and Italy, Victor Emmanuel II; Victor Emmanuel I and Victor Amadeus III

Italy: The role of Piedmont: The skillfully worded Proclamation of Moncalieri (November 20, 1849) favorably contrasted Victor Emmanuel’s policies with those of other Italian rulers and permitted elections. The victorious Liberals installed a new cabinet under Massimo d’Azeglio, a moderate trusted by the king. D’Azeglio introduced the Siccardi law, which curtailed the power…

Spain: Relief: …reaches its highest elevation with Moncayo Peak at 7,588 feet (2,313 meters). In the southeast the Iberian Cordillera links with the Baetic Cordillera, also a result of Alpine earth movements. Although more extensive—more than 500 miles (800 km) long and up to 150 miles (240 km) wide—and with peninsular Spain’s…

Gabrielle d’Estrées, duchess de Beaufort was the mistress of King Henry IV of France and, with him, founder of the Vendôme branch of the House of Bourbon. The daughter of the Marquis de Coeuvres, Gabrielle met Roger de Saint-Lary, later Duke de Bellegarde, at the court of Henry III and became his

Monchegorsk, town, Murmansk oblast (region), northwestern Russia, on the banks of Lake Imandra. The town developed through the exploitation of local copper and nickel deposits in the 1930s and was incorporated in 1937. Now it is a centre of this industry, and it also has fishery and forestry

Mount Cenis, massif and pass over the French Alps to Italy, Savoie département, southeastern France, northeast of Briançon and west of the Italian city of Turin. The pass, an invasion route from earliest times, is traversed by a road 24 miles (38 km) long, built by Napoleon I in 1803–10, linking

Switzerland: Dry areas: …inches (4,000 mm), and the Mönch (13,448 feet [4,099 meters]) in the Jungfrau group of mountains has the highest average annual precipitation in Switzerland, 163 inches (4,140 mm), while Stalden in the entrenched Vispa valley, 4 miles (6 km) south of the main Rhône valley, has the lowest, 21 inches…

Monchegorsk, town, Murmansk oblast (region), northwestern Russia, on the banks of Lake Imandra. The town developed through the exploitation of local copper and nickel deposits in the 1930s and was incorporated in 1937. Now it is a centre of this industry, and it also has fishery and forestry

Mönchengladbach, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies near the border with the Netherlands, west of Düsseldorf. It developed around a Benedictine monastery (founded in 972, suppressed in 1802), from which the name Mönchengladbach (“Monks’ Gladbach”) is derived, and it

Monchique Mountains, low mountain range in southern Portugal, near Cape Saint Vincent, the southwestern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula. A dissected igneous rock (syenite) massif, its highest point is Foia (2,960 ft [902 m]). The range is famous for its wild and generally varied plant life, as

Japan: The establishment of warrior government: …addition, a judicial board, the Monchūjo, was set up to handle lawsuits and appeals. These institutions represent the emergence of Yoritomo’s regime (the term bakufu was used only later in retrospect).

Sir Charles Stanley, 4th Viscount Monck was the first governor-general of the Dominion of Canada (1866–68). Monck was educated at Trinity College in Dublin and was called to the bar in 1841. On the death of his father he succeeded to the peerage of Ireland in 1849 and was elected to the House of

George Monck, 1st duke of Albemarle was an English general who fought in Ireland and Scotland during the English Civil Wars and who was the chief architect of the Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660, following 11 years of republican government. Scion of a well-to-do Devon family, Monck

George Monck, 1st duke of Albemarle was an English general who fought in Ireland and Scotland during the English Civil Wars and who was the chief architect of the Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660, following 11 years of republican government. Scion of a well-to-do Devon family, Monck

Sir Charles Stanley, 4th Viscount Monck was the first governor-general of the Dominion of Canada (1866–68). Monck was educated at Trinity College in Dublin and was called to the bar in 1841. On the death of his father he succeeded to the peerage of Ireland in 1849 and was elected to the House of

arteriosclerosis: Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis is the third type of arteriosclerosis and is characterized by deposits of calcium in muscular arteries in people over age 50. While these calcifications may be seen with imaging technologies, such as X-ray, or may be palpable, they do not decrease…

arteriosclerosis: Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis is the third type of arteriosclerosis and is characterized by deposits of calcium in muscular arteries in people over age 50. While these calcifications may be seen with imaging technologies, such as X-ray, or may be palpable, they do not decrease…

Mary Monckton, countess of Cork and Orrery was a society hostess whose “conversation parties” were attended by leading figures from the worlds of politics and letters. She is supposed to have been the original of “Lady Bellair” in British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli’s novel Henrietta Temple

Monclova, city, east-central Coahuila estado (state), northeastern Mexico. Situated in the eastern outliers of the Sierra Madre Oriental at 1,923 feet (586 metres) above sea level, it lies on the Salado de los Nadadores River north of Saltillo, the state capital. The climate is hot and dry, with

Jean Gabin was one of the most popular film actors in France from the 1930s to the ’60s. Gabin was the son of a music-hall comedian (stage name Jean Gabin). In 1923 he began a theatrical career in the Folies-Bergère but left the stage after his film debut in Chacun sa chance (1931). He achieved

Milwaukee Bucks: …featuring forward Marques Johnson, guard Sidney Moncrief, and guard-forward Junior Bridgeman began in 1979–80 a streak of 12 straight playoff appearances for the franchise. The team advanced to two consecutive conference finals in 1982–83 and 1983–84 but was beaten by the Philadelphia 76ers and the Celtics, respectively. Moncrief and forward…

Moncton, city and port, Westmorland county, southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It lies 25 miles (40 km) from the mouth of the Petitcodiac River. Moncton is the largest city in the province. The site, which was originally occupied by a Mi’kmaq First Nation (Native American) village, was settled by

Moncton: The University of Moncton, founded in 1864 as St. Joseph’s College and renamed in 1963, made Moncton the cultural center of New Brunswick’s Acadian population. During the 19th century, Moncton, favored by its location at the head of a deepwater inlet, became a busy shipbuilding center,…

Thomas Müntzer was a leading German radical reformer during the Protestant Reformation, a fiery and apocalyptic preacher, and a participant in the abortive Peasants’ War in Thuringia in 1524–25. A controversial figure in life and in death, Müntzer is regarded as a significant force in the religious

nickel processing: From sulfide ores: In carbonyl refining, carbon monoxide is passed through the matte, yielding nickel and iron carbonyls [Ni(CO)4 and Fe(CO)5]. Nickel carbonyl is a very toxic and volatile vapour that, after purification, is decomposed on pure nickel pellets to produce nickel shot. Copper, sulfur, and precious metals remain…

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: …and in the Royal Society’s Mond Laboratory, established for him at Cambridge in 1932, he built a new type of helium liquefier based on an expansion turbine.

Ludwig Mond: Mond founded the Mond Nickel Company to link nickel mines in Canada with refining works in Wales that utilized his new discovery.

Ludwig Mond was a German-born British chemist and industrialist who improved the Solvay alkali process and devised a process for the extraction of nickel. The son of a wealthy Jewish family, Mond studied chemistry at Marburg and Heidelberg, entered the chemical industry, and went to England in

utopian poetry: …poems such as Voltaire’s “Le Mondain” (1736; “The Man of the World”), a French lyric that expresses the Enlightenment’s championing of the present time as better and more sophisticated than the ancient Greek Golden Age, which is depicted as primitive and ignorant.

Walter Mondale was the 42nd vice president of the United States (1977–81) in the administration of President Jimmy Carter and the Democratic candidate for president in 1984. (Read Britannica’s interview with Jimmy Carter.) Mondale was the son of Theodore Sigvaard Mondale, a Methodist minister, and

Walter Mondale was the 42nd vice president of the United States (1977–81) in the administration of President Jimmy Carter and the Democratic candidate for president in 1984. (Read Britannica’s interview with Jimmy Carter.) Mondale was the son of Theodore Sigvaard Mondale, a Methodist minister, and

Robert Mondavi was an American winemaker who created American wines that rivaled European labels and helped generate the rebirth of California’s wine industry. He introduced the use of stainless steel tanks for cold fermentation, reinstated French oak barrels into the winemaking process, and

Robert Mondavi was an American winemaker who created American wines that rivaled European labels and helped generate the rebirth of California’s wine industry. He introduced the use of stainless steel tanks for cold fermentation, reinstated French oak barrels into the winemaking process, and

Monday, second day of the week

Sweden: The arts: …20th-century composers include the “Monday group,” who were inspired by the anti-romantic Hilding Rosenberg in the 1920s and drew also upon leading modern composers from abroad. The vital Swedish folk song has been developed further by a number of musicians. The lively and often moving ballads and “epistles” of…

Monday Night Football (MNF), flagship National Football League (NFL) telecast that helped transform sports broadcasting in the United States. About the time of the official merger of the NFL and the startup American Football League (AFL) into an expanded NFL in 1970, Commissioner Pete Rozelle

TKO Group Holdings: 1995–2002: Monday Night War, IPO, and consolidation: From 1995 to 2001, WWF’s Monday Night Raw and WCW’s Monday Nitro aired head-to-head in what became known as the “Monday Night War.” WCW had emerged after media magnate Ted Turner acquired the National Wrestling Alliance’s flagship promotion in 1988 and rebranded it World Championship Wrestling (WCW), turning it into…

the Mamas and the Papas: …them “California Dreamin’”  (1965), “Monday, Monday” (1966), and “Creeque Alley” (1967). In sound and look the Mamas and the Papas typified the groovy optimism of the emerging hippie movement (John Phillips wrote “San Francisco [Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair]” for Scott McKenzie).

Sara Monday, fictional character, the protagonist and narrator in Joyce Cary’s novel Herself Surprised (1941), the first volume of his trilogy on art. Monday is presented as a warmhearted, generous woman who is victimized by the men in her life—the conservative upper-class lawyer Tom Wilcher and

Javier Bardem: First English roles and rising acclaim: …Los lunes al sol (Mondays in the Sun); his portrayal of a laid-off shipyard worker in the latter earned him another Goya. For his moving performance as quadriplegic Ramón Sampedro in Mar adentro (2004; The Sea Inside), Bardem collected his fourth Goya.