Why might sickle cell anemia screening begin with a hemoglobin protein test instead of a DNA test?

Screening for sickle cell anemia often begins with a test of the hemoglobin proteins rather than a DNA test for two primary reasons:

• Accessibility: The relevant gene product—the blood itself—is readily accessible for analysis.1
• Cost-effectiveness: Protein-based testing is currently less expensive to perform than DNA-based testing.1

While DNA analysis is a powerful tool capable of identifying specific genetic mutations from tiny samples, the choice of diagnostic method depends on factors such as the nature of the disorder and the availability of accurate, cost-effective alternatives. In the case of sickle cell anemia, the efficiency and lower cost of protein analysis make it a practical initial screening approach.1