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Why is xenon used as propellant in ion thrusters for satellites and space probes?
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Xenon is utilized as a propellant in ion thrusters for satellites and deep space probes primarily due to its high atomic mass and its ease of ionization.1
In an ion thruster, the propellant must be ionizedâa process requiring the removal of an electron from the atomâto be accelerated by electric fields for propulsion. Xenonâs physical properties make it exceptionally well-suited for this process, allowing the thrusters to achieve unparalleled fuel efficiency compared to traditional chemical propulsion systems.12