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Why is titanium dioxide used in sunscreen and cosmetics?

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A periodic table element tile for titanium displays its atomic number 22, symbol Ti, atomic weight 47.867, electron configuration, and name. Icons indicate it is a solid, transition metal with a hexagonal crystal structure and equal relative strength. — titanium Properties of titanium.

Titanium dioxide is utilized in cosmetics and sunscreen lotions primarily due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation. This property allows the mineral to help protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV light.1

Beyond its protective capabilities, titanium dioxide is valued in these products for its function as a pigment. Because it is an opaque, white substance, it is frequently used to provide brightness and opacity in various personal care items, including face powder and toothpaste.1

While widely used, the application of titanium dioxide—particularly in the form of nanoparticles—remains a subject of scientific discussion regarding potential toxicity. It is important to note that the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified titanium dioxide as a Group 2B carcinogen, categorized as a "possible carcinogen to humans," based on inhalation studies in laboratory animals.1