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Why is quartz used in sandpaper and grinding tools?

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A periodic table element square for silicon shows atomic number 14, symbol Si, atomic weight range, electron configuration, and name. Icons indicate it is a solid nonmetal with diamond crystal structure and equal relative strength. Labels explain each property. — silicon Chemical properties of the element silicon.

Quartz is widely used in sandpaper and grinding tools primarily due to its high hardness and structural durability. On the Mohs scale of hardness, quartz is rated at 7, which allows it to effectively scratch and abrade a variety of materials, including glass, stone, and metal.123

Beyond its hardness, quartz is an ideal abrasive because it lacks easy cleavage, meaning it resists fracturing under the mechanical stress of grinding or sanding. This property ensures that the grains remain intact and effective during use. Additionally, quartz is readily available and relatively inexpensive, making it a practical choice for industrial applications such as sandblasting, polishing, and providing traction on surfaces.14