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Why is lead useful for containers that store radioactive materials?

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A periodic table element box for lead (Pb) shows atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, electron configuration, and labels for symbol, name, crystal structure, and physical state, with a legend for color and symbol meanings. — lead Properties of lead.

Lead is highly effective for containers used to store radioactive materials primarily due to its high density and its unique ability to absorb gamma radiation and X-radiation.12

Because lead effectively absorbs electromagnetic radiation of short wavelengths, it serves as a critical protective shield. This property makes it an essential material for shielding around nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, and X-ray equipment, as well as for the construction of containers designed to safely transport and store radioactive substances.13