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Why is lead used as shielding around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors?

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A periodic table element box for lead (Pb) shows atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, electron configuration, and labels for symbol, name, crystal structure, and physical state, with a legend for color and symbol meanings. — lead Properties of lead.

Lead is used as shielding around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors primarily because of its high density and its effective ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation of short wavelengths, specifically gamma radiation and X-radiation.1

Because these forms of radiation are highly penetrating, they pose significant health risks to personnel. Lead's physical properties allow it to act as a barrier that absorbs and reflects this radiation, providing essential protection. In addition to its use in shielding, lead is frequently employed in containers designed for the storage and transport of radioactive materials.21