Why is female genital cutting associated with cultural traditions rather than required by religious doctrine?

Female genital cutting (FGC) is fundamentally a cultural practice rather than a requirement of religious doctrine. While it is often mistakenly associated with religion, no religious doctrine mandates the procedure. Instead, FGC is deeply rooted in social and cultural traditions within societies where gender inequality is ingrained.1

In these contexts, the practice serves various social functions, such as acting as a rite of passage that marks a transition to womanhood or serving as a method for elders to control a girl's virginity and reduce her sexual desire. Because these meanings are tied to social identity, community belonging, and the preservation of traditional norms, the practice persists as a cultural phenomenon.21

It is essential to recognize that FGC is a harmful and unnecessary procedure that violates fundamental human rights. International organizations, including the World Health Organization and the United Nations, have consistently campaigned against it, emphasizing that the protection of girls and women from such physical and psychological harm is an ethical imperative.1