Why is boron trifluoride easier to use as a diethyl ether complex than as a gas?
Boron trifluoride () is a colorless, pungent gas that is highly reactive and fumes in moist air. Because it is a Lewis acid, it readily forms donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) with compounds containing lone pairs of electrons, such as ethers.12
Using boron trifluoride as a diethyl ether complex is often preferred over the gaseous form because the complex is significantly easier to handle and store. While gaseous is difficult to manage due to its reactivity and physical state, the etherate complex provides a more stable, liquid form of the reagent that can be measured and added to reactions with greater precision and safety. In these adducts, the boron atom transitions from a three-coordinated planar structure to a four-coordinated tetrahedral geometry by accepting an unshared pair of electrons from the ether oxygen atom.2