Why is autism spectrum disorder diagnosed more often in males than in females?

While it is established that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed more frequently in males than in females, it is important to note that many women may be overlooked due to stereotypical media depictions that focus primarily on young, nonspeaking boys.12

Research into the biological differences between the sexes suggests that females may possess a higher genetic resiliency to the condition. This concept, known as the "female protective model," indicates that more genetic mutations are required to produce ASD in females than in males.3

Additionally, diagnostic disparities may contribute to the observed prevalence gap. Because clinical definitions and diagnostic criteria have historically been based on male-centric presentations, many females may go undiagnosed or be identified later in life as they share their own experiences of the condition.12