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Why does rapid cooling help a liquid form an amorphous solid rather than a crystal?

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Rapid cooling, or quenching, allows a liquid to form an amorphous solid by bypassing the temperature range where crystallization typically occurs.12

Crystallization is a kinetic process that requires sufficient time for atoms to undergo nucleation—adopting a patterned arrangement—and subsequent growth to extend that order throughout the material. When a liquid is cooled slowly, it has enough time to organize its atoms into a regular, repeating lattice structure, resulting in a crystalline solid.21

However, when cooling is performed rapidly, the liquid is brought below its freezing point so quickly that the atoms lack the time required to arrange themselves into a crystal lattice. As the temperature drops, the viscosity of the liquid increases enormously, eventually reaching the glass transition temperature. At this point, the molecular response time becomes too slow for rearrangement, and the disordered atomic configuration of the liquid becomes "frozen" in place, resulting in an amorphous solid.12