Why does liquid mercury form rounded droplets on glass instead of sticking to it?
Liquid mercury forms rounded droplets on glass because its internal cohesion is significantly stronger than the adhesion between the mercury and the glass surface.1
In physics, cohesion refers to the attractive forces between molecules of the same substance, while adhesion refers to the forces between molecules of different substances. Because mercury possesses a very high surface tension, its atoms are strongly attracted to one another, causing the liquid to minimize its surface area by pulling itself into a spherical shape. Unlike water, which wets glass because the adhesive force between water and glass is stronger than the water's internal cohesive force, mercury’s cohesive forces dominate, preventing it from spreading out or sticking to the glass.12