Why does acute angle-closure glaucoma require urgent treatment?

Acute angle-closure glaucoma requires urgent medical intervention because it causes a rapid and severe increase in intraocular pressure. This elevated pressure is transmitted to the optic nerve and retina, which can lead to permanent vision loss if not addressed immediately.12

In this condition, the drainage of aqueous humour is obstructed when the iris is pushed forward, blocking the outflow channels at the periphery of the anterior chamber. This blockage causes the eye to become hard, red, and painful, often accompanied by symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Because the resulting optic neuropathy can cause irreversible damage to the nerve fibers, urgent treatment—typically involving medication to lower pressure followed by surgical procedures like an iridotomy—is essential to preserve sight.12