Why do young trees in mass tree-planting projects sometimes die?

Young trees in mass tree-planting projects often experience high mortality rates primarily due to a lack of sound planning and scientific backing. When reforestation efforts prioritize the act of planting over long-term maintenance, the resulting saplings frequently fail to survive.1

Key factors contributing to this mortality include:

• Inappropriate Species Selection: Trees that are not native to the area or are not specifically adapted to the local site and growing conditions are significantly more likely to die. Successful establishment requires matching species to the correct latitude and habitat.21
• Inadequate Site Preparation and Maintenance: Without proper preparation, such as managing soil quality or controlling competing weeds, young trees struggle to establish their root systems. Weed control during the first few years is often essential for survival.2
• Poor Handling: Seedlings are vulnerable during lifting, storage, and transport. If root systems are not kept moist and cool, or if damaged seedlings are not culled before planting, their chances of survival drop significantly.2

Ultimately, projects that focus on "environmental tokenism" rather than ecological restoration often fail to provide the necessary care required for young trees to reach maturity.1