Why do doctors review family medical history before ordering genetic tests?

Doctors review family medical history before ordering genetic tests because it is a critical tool for identifying whether a disease or disorder is inherited and likely to be passed on to future generations. By constructing a family pedigree—a record of medical histories across three or more generations—healthcare professionals can determine if an individual is at an increased risk for a specific genetic condition.123

This assessment is essential for several reasons:

• Risk Assessment: It helps calculate the likelihood that a person carries mutations associated with familial disorders, even if they currently appear healthy.13
• Informed Decision-Making: It allows patients to understand their options for predictive or carrier testing, enabling them to make informed decisions about their health and family planning.34
• Preventative Care: Identifying an increased risk based on family history can lead to early interventions, such as heightened medical surveillance or lifestyle changes, which can prevent the onset of symptoms or allow for more effective treatment of conditions like cancer or heart disease.345

Ultimately, family history remains one of the strongest predictors of health and disease risk.5