Why did Thorndike believe psychology could make pedagogy more scientific?

Edward L. Thorndike believed that psychology could make pedagogy more scientific by applying the methods of exact science to the study of human learning and classroom instruction. His approach was rooted in several key principles:12

• Quantitative Analysis: Thorndike emphasized the use of statistics and rigorous measurement in social science research, moving away from purely descriptive accounts toward data-driven experimentation.1
• Connectionism: By applying his laws of learning—specifically the law of effect—he sought to predict and establish behavioral associations, providing a structured framework for how students acquire knowledge.1
• Practical Application: He utilized psychological findings to improve instruction in subjects like arithmetic, reading, and writing, while using empirical evidence to expose and address inequalities and deficiencies within the American educational system.1
• Evidence-Based Curriculum: His research on the transfer of learning demonstrated that learning in one area does not automatically enhance overall mental abilities, which supported the development of curricula focused on practical, relevant subject matter.1

By grounding teaching principles in psychological data, Thorndike aimed to transform education into a more efficient and scientifically validated discipline.1