Why are V-class asteroids linked to basaltic meteorites?

V-class asteroids are linked to basaltic meteorites because their spectral reflectance properties—specifically a deep absorption band centered near 0.95 micrometers—closely match those of eucrites, a type of basaltic achondrite meteorite.1

This connection is so strong that scientists believe many eucrites found on Earth are fragments ejected from the surface of a V-class asteroid during major collisions. The primary parent body for these materials is the protoplanet Vesta, which is the namesake for the V-class and the source of the HED meteorite group (howardites, eucrites, and diogenites). While the V-class was once thought to be unique to Vesta and its associated "Vestoids," the discovery of other basaltic-surfaced asteroids, such as (1459) Magnya, indicates that this composition exists elsewhere in the asteroid belt.12