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Who developed the laboratory method that led to the Haber-Bosch process?

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Difference in molecular structure between ammonia/amines and quaternary ammonium ions — ammonia Ammonia and amines have a slightly flattened trigonal pyramidal shape with a lone pair of electrons above the nitrogen. In quaternary ammonium ions, this area is occupied by a fourth substituent.

The laboratory method that served as the foundation for the Haber-Bosch process was developed by the German physical chemist Fritz Haber.12

By 1908, Haber successfully demonstrated that the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen could be made practical through the use of high pressures and a suitable catalyst. In 1909, this laboratory-scale discovery was transferred to the industrial chemist Carl Bosch at BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Bosch subsequently led the extensive research and engineering efforts required to scale the process for industrial production, which involved conducting over 20,000 experiments to refine the high-pressure methods and catalyst selection.314

For their respective contributions to this essential method of nitrogen fixation, Haber was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1918, and Bosch received the award in 1931.134