Which trees grow in the deciduous forests of Japan and China?

In the deciduous forests of Japan and China, the vegetation composition varies by region and elevation, typically transitioning from evergreen broad-leaved forests at lower latitudes or elevations to deciduous forests in cooler, more northerly, or higher-altitude areas.12

Deciduous Forests of Japan

In Japan, these forests are dominated by:
* Beech: Specifically Fagus crenata and F. japonica.12
* Oak: Including Quercus crispula.1
* Maple: Such as Acer carpinifolium and other species.12
* Other species: These include various cherries (Prunus), ash, Magnolia, and katsura trees. In some areas, these deciduous forests may be mixed with conifers such as fir (Abies), or replaced by plantations of Japanese cedar, larch, and various pines. A dense undergrowth of dwarf bamboo (Sasa) is also common.12

Deciduous Forests of China

Much of the original deciduous forest in China has been altered by human activity, but characteristic trees include:
* Dominant species: Various oaks are primary components, often mixed with maples, alder (Alnus), ash, walnut, and poplar.13
* Understory: A varied understory includes hornbeam (Carpinus), dogwood, and service-tree (Sorbus), along with shrubs like Acanthopanax and Aralia.1
* Margins: Birch forests often fringe the oak forests at their northern and montane margins.1